Islam is a monotheistic religion based on belief in one God named Allah and recognizes Muhammad as his prophet. Which religion is described?

• A. Hinduism
• B. Islam
• C. Buddhism
• D. Christianity

Answer: (B)

This question tests recognizing a religion by its core beliefs: belief in one God named Allah and Muhammad as God's prophet. The name Allah is the Arabic term for God used in Islam, and Muhammad is considered the final prophet who received and conveyed the Quran. That combination—monotheism centered on Allah and Muhammad as the prophet who reveals God’s guidance—is specific to Islam, so the description points to Islam.

For context, Hinduism involves many gods or divine aspects, Buddhism focuses on the path to enlightenment and does not center on a creator deity or a single prophet, and Christianity centers on God the Father and Jesus as the Son of God rather than recognizing Muhammad as a prophet.